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Učinkovitost računalniškega kognitivnega treninga v domovih starejših občanov
Uroš Marušič, Zdenka Milič Žepič in Vojko Kavčič
Polno besedilo (pdf) | Ogledi: 117 | 
Napisan v slovenščini. | Objavljeno: 7. maj 2021
https://doi.org/10.20419/2021.30.537 | Citati: CrossRef (0)
Povzetek: Ohranjanje in krepitev fizičnega in kognitivnega zdravja je pri starejših osebah izziv, še posebej pri tistih, ki so podvržene pospešenim starostnim ali nevrodegenerativnim spremembam. Obstoječe nefarmakološke intervencije lahko stabilizirajo ali upočasnijo kognitivni upad, vendar se učinkovite preventivne tretmaje, ki bi zakasnili pojavnost simptomov, še raziskuje. Eden izmed nefarmakoloških tretmajev je kognitivni trening. Namen naše raziskave je bil oceniti izvedljivost in učinkovitost kognitivnega treninga z nalogo prostorske navigacije pri stanovalcih domov starejših občanov. Enaintrideset stanovalcev (povprečna starost 81,6 leta, razpon 69–94 let; povprečna ocena MoCA 22,8 točke, razpon 17–27; 7 moških) je bilo naključno razporejenih v kontrolno skupino ali intervencijsko skupino. Slednja je bila vključena v dvomesečni kognitivni trening (2-krat tedensko; skupaj 16 treningov), v katerem so udeleženci vadili učenje virtualnega labirinta. Vsi udeleženci raziskave so bili merjeni pred in po intervenciji na nevropsihološki ocenjevalni bateriji testov. Udeleženci kontrolne skupine niso prejeli nobene posebne obravnave in so tako sodelovali le na »pred in po« meritvah. Pomembne izboljšave so bile ugotovljene le pri Reyjevem testu slušno-besednega učenja (AVLT), kjer so udeleženci v intervencijski skupini značilno izboljšali svoj rezultat v primerjavi s kontrolno skupino. Kljub omejeni učinkovitosti kognitivnega treninga je bila naša intervencija izvedljiva in pozitivno sprejeta s strani večine udeležencev. Nadaljnje raziskave bi morale ovrednotiti dolgoročne učinke kognitivnega treninga na druge funkcionalne sposobnosti in aktivnosti vsakodnevnega življenja. Na splošno naša raziskava ponuja empirične dokaze, da je kognitivni trening sprejemljiv za stanovalce domov za starejše občane, in kar je najpomembneje, da lahko izboljša mnemonične kognitivne sposobnosti.
Ključne besede: staranje, kognitivni trening, naloga prostorske navigacije, virtualni labirint, transfer, domovi za starejše občane
Citiraj:
Marušič, U., Milič Žepič, Z. in Kavčič, V. (2021). Učinkovitost računalniškega kognitivnega treninga v domovih starejših občanov [Effectiveness of computerized cognitive training in nursing homes]. Psihološka obzorja, 30, 47–54. https://doi.org/10.20419/2021.30.537
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