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Vpliv različnih motečih dražljajev na prostorski delovni spomin
Martina Starc in Grega Repovš
Polno besedilo (pdf) | Ogledi: 244 | 
Napisan v slovenščini. | Objavljeno: 7. januar 2016
https://doi.org/10.20419/2015.24.433 | Citati: CrossRef (0)
Povzetek: Varovanje informacij pred različnimi motnjami je ključno za optimalno delovanje delovnega spomina. V študiji smo preverili, kako prisotnost motečih dražljajev vpliva na prostorski delovni spomin. Primerjali smo vpliv motečih dražljajev, ki izstopajo zaradi podobnosti tarčnim dražljajem ali zaradi negativne čustvene nasičenosti. Preverili smo vpliv na natančnost visoko ločljivih predstav, kot tudi na vpliv prostorskih kategorij, ter natančneje opredelili ne le obstoj, temveč tudi smer motečega vpliva (proti ali stran od motnje). Udeleženci (n = 25, 8 moških, 19–31 let) so si morali zapomniti natančen položaj prikazane premešane slike in ga po premoru obnoviti z igralno palico. V nekaterih poskusih je bila v času premora prikazana dodatna moteča slika (premešana, nevtralna ali negativna). Merili smo razpršenost odgovorov (kótnih napak) ter usmerjene premike proti prototipnim kótom (45°) in proti položaju motečih dražljajev. Prisotnost motečih dražljajev ni vplivala na razpršenost odgovorov, zmanjšala pa je težnjo udeležencev, da odgovore premikajo proti prototipnim kótom. Različne vrste slik se v tem učinku niso razlikovale. V nasprotju s pričakovanji so udeleženci odmikali svoje odgovore stran od položaja motečih slik; ta učinek je bil bolj izrazit pri negativnih slikah. Udeleženci pri reševanju naloge prostorskega delovnega spomina najverjetneje poleg natančnega pomnjenja položaja in vzdrževanja pozornosti na mestu dražljaja strateško uporabljajo tudi informacijo o pripadnosti prostorskim kategorijam (kvadrantom) ter informacijo o položaju motečega dražljaja. Odbojni učinek motečega dražljaja najverjetneje izhaja iz inhibicije njegovega položaja in kaže na potrebo po dopolnitvi računskih modelov prostorskega delovnega spomina ter upoštevanju različnih strategij uporabe delovnega spomina.
Ključne besede: delovni spomin, vidnoprostorski delovni spomin, moteči dražljaji, negativna čustva, smer motnje
Citiraj:
Starc, M. in Repovš, G. (2015). Vpliv različnih motečih dražljajev na prostorski delovni spomin [The influence of various distracting stimuli on spatial working memory]. Psihološka obzorja, 24, 76–89. https://doi.org/10.20419/2015.24.433
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