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Psihološka obzorja :: Horizons of Psychology

Znanstveno-strokovna psihološka revija Društva psihologov Slovenije

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« Nazaj na Letnik 25 (2016)

flag Go to the article page in English / Pojdi na angleško stran članka


Policijska zaslišanja skozi prizmo znanosti

Igor Areh

pdf Polno besedilo (pdf)  |  Ogledi: 323  |  flagNapisan v angleščini.  |  Objavljeno: 18. marec 2016

pdf https://doi.org/10.20419/2016.25.440  |  Citati: CrossRef (2)

Povzetek: Za pridobivanje informacij od človeških virov se uporablja več pristopov, ki se med seboj razlikujejo v teoretičnih temeljih, ciljih, izvedbi in etični sprejemljivosti. V članku sta kritično predstavljena in primerjana dva prevladujoča pristopa zasliševanj osumljencev, ki ju uporabljajo v policiji. Starejši in prevladujoč zasliševalski pristop je osredotočen na pridobivanje obremenilnih izjav ali priznanj s strani osumljencev, kar nevarno dviguje verjetnost pridobitve izsiljenega priznanja. Zaradi tega se ta pristop imenuje obtožilni ali prisilni, saj osumljence sili k priznanju. Novejši zasliševalski pristop, imenovan preiskovalni intervju, je osredotočen na pridobivanje točnih informacij, s katerimi policija išče dokaze za izločitev ali obdolžitev osumljenca. Verjetnost za obdolžitev in obsodbo nedolžne osebe je tako manjša, saj so osumljenci manj izpostavljeni psihičnim pritiskom. V primerjavi s prisilnim zasliševalskim pristopom je pristop zbiranja informacij etično bolj sprejemljiv, ima znanstvene temelje, omogoča pridobivanje bolj točnih informacij, pri preiskovanju kaznivih dejanj pa je vsaj toliko učinkovit kot prisilni pristop. V preiskovalno intervjuvanje so vgrajena predvsem spoznanja s področja socialne psihologije. Analiza prisilnih zasliševalskih modelov kaže, da so brez znanstveno-teoretičnih temeljev in so tako zasnovani predvsem na nepreverjenih zdravorazumskih domnevah strokovnih avtoritet. V vsesplošno bolj razvitih državah se prisilni model umika modelu zbiranja informacij, kar je povezano s praktičnim uveljavljanjem visokih standardov varovanja človekovih pravic in z ozaveščenostjo strokovne, akademske ter laične javnosti o tveganjih povezanih s prisilnimi zasliševalskimi metodami.

Ključne besede: zasliševanja, policija, osumljenci, prisila, preiskovalni intervju


Citiraj:
Areh, I. (2016). Police interrogations through the prism of science. Psihološka obzorja, 25, 18–28. https://doi.org/10.20419/2016.25.440


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Citati prek sistema CrossRef (2)

Examining the Causes and Consequences of Confession-Eliciting Tactics during Interrogation
       Joeann M. Salvati, Shannon C. Houck
       Journal of Applied Security Research, 2019
       https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2019.1621508

A free account or not? Its effect upon information yield in strategic interviews with suspects
       Martijn L. J. van Beek, Ray Bull, Suzana Mijalkovic
       Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 2022
       https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.1600


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