Spletna stran Psiholoških obzorij uporablja piškotke za namene avtentikacije uporabnikov po prijavi na spletno stran, morebitno stalno prijavo na željo uporabnika in za namen beleženja števila ogledov posameznih strani Psiholoških obzorij.
Ali se strinjate, da na vaš računalnik (brskalnik) naložimo piškotke za te namene? Svojo odločitev lahko kasneje tudi spremenite na strani Zasebnost.

Želim izvedeti več

Psihološka obzorja :: Horizons of Psychology

Znanstveno-strokovna psihološka revija Društva psihologov Slovenije

Indeksirana v:
Scopus
PsycINFO
Academic OneFile

Smo člani DOAJ in CrossRef

sien
VSEBINA ZA AVTORJE PREDSTAVITEV UREDNIŠTVO POVEZAVE

Iskalnik

Moj račun

Članki z največ ogledi

 

« Nazaj na Letnik 28 (2019)

flag Go to the article page in English / Pojdi na angleško stran članka


Spolni stereotipi in diskriminacija žensk na trgu dela: psihološki pogled

Mojca Svetek

pdf Polno besedilo (pdf)  |  Ogledi: 674  |  flagNapisan v slovenščini.  |  Objavljeno: 22. januar 2019

pdf https://doi.org/10.20419/2019.28.495  |  Citati: CrossRef (0)

Povzetek: Pričujoči prispevek je pregled spoznanj (socialne) psihologije na področju diskriminacije žensk na trgu dela in delovnih mestih. Prispevek pojasnjuje, kako spolni stereotipi vplivajo na zaznavanje žensk in moških, pričakovanja na delovnem mestu in različne standarde ocenjevanja žensk in moških. Izpostavi, kateri psihološki mehanizmi so ključni pri vzdrževanju diskriminacije na trgu dela, in predstavi, kakšne so napovedi razvoja spolnih stereotipov v prihodnosti. Članek v pretežni meri obravnava ovire, s katerimi se ženske soočajo pri dostopanju do vodstvenih položajev, saj je ta vidik v psihološki literaturi do sedaj prejel največ pozornosti, kljub temu pa obravnavani mehanizmi diskriminacije niso omejeni na zgornjo plast trga dela.

Ključne besede: spolni stereotipi, ocenjevanje uspešnosti, opravičevanje diskriminacije, vodstveni položaji


Citiraj:
Svetek, M. (2019). Spolni stereotipi in diskriminacija žensk na trgu dela: psihološki pogled [Gender stereotypes and discrimination against women in the labour market: a psychological perspective]. Psihološka obzorja, 28, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.20419/2019.28.495


Seznam literature v članku


Aberson, C. L., Healy, M. in Romero, V. (2000). Ingroup bias and self-esteem: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4(2), 157–173. CrossRef

Allen, T. J., Sherman, J. W., Conrey, F. R. in Stroessner, S. J. (2009). Stereotype strength and attentional bias: Preference for confirming versus disconfirming information depends on processing capacity. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(5), 1081–1087. CrossRef

Avsec, A. (2002). Stereotipi o moških in ženskih osebnostnih lastnostih. Psihološka obzorja, 35(2), 23–35.

Benard, S. in Correll, S. J. (2010). Normative discrimination and the motherhood penalty. Gender & Society, 24(5), 616–646. CrossRef

Benard, S., Paik, I. in Correl, J. S. (2008). Cognitive bias and the motherhood penalty. Hasting Law Journal, 59, 1359–1388.

Biernat, M. (1995). The shifting standards model: Implications of stereotype accuracy for so- cial judgment. V Y. T. Lee, L. J. Jussim in C. R. Mccauley (ur.), Stereotype accuracy: Toward appreciating group differences (str. 87–114). Washington, DC, ZDA: American Psychological Association.

Biernat, M., Fuegen, K. in Kobrynowicz, D. (2010). Shifting standards and the inference of incompetence: Effects of formal and informal evaluation tools. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(7), 855–868. CrossRef

Bobbitt-Zeher, D. (2011). Gender discrimination at work connecting gender stereotypes, institutional policies, and gender composition of workplace. Gender & Society, 25(6), 764–786. CrossRef

Cashdan, E. (1998). Are men more competitive than women? British Journal of Social Psychology, 27(2), 213–229. CrossRef

Conway, M. in Vartanian, L. R. (2000). A status account of gender stereotypes: Beyond communality and agency. Sex Roles, 43(3/4), 181–199. CrossRef

Crosby, F. (1984). The denial of personal discrimination. American Behavioral Scientist, 27(3), 371–386. CrossRef

Cundiff, J. L. in Vescio, T. K. (2016). Gender stereotypes influence how people explain gender disparities in the workplace. Sex Roles, 75(3), 126–138. CrossRef

Deaux, K. in Emswiller, T. (1974). Explanations of successful performance on sex-linked tasks: What is skill for the male is luck for the female. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29(1), 80–85. CrossRef

Derks, B., Van Laar, C. in Ellemers, N. (2016). The queen bee phenomenon: Why women leaders distance themselves from junior women. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(3), 456-469. CrossRef

Dovidio, J. F., Hewstone, M., Glick, P. in Esses, V. M. (2010). Prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination: Theoretical and empirical overview. V J. F. Dovidio, M. Hewstone, P. Glick in V. M. Esses (ur.), The SAGE handbook of prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination (str. 3–29). London, Združeno Kraljestvo: Sage Publications.

Eagly, A. H. in Karau, S. J. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109(3), 573–598. CrossRef

Eagly, A. H., Makhijani, M. G. in Klonsky, B. G. (1992). Gender and the evaluation of leaders: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 111(1), 3–22. CrossRef

Eagly, A. H. in Mladinic, A. (1989). Gender stereotypes and attitudes toward women and men. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 15(4), 543–558. CrossRef

Eagly, A. H. in Mladinic, A. (1994). Are people prejudiced against women? Some answers from reserch on attitudes, gender stereotypes, and judgement of competence. European Review of Social Psychology, 5(1), 1–34. CrossRef

Eagly, A. H. in Steffen, V. J. (1984). Gender stereotypes stem from the distribution of women and men into social roles. Journal of personality and social psychology, 46(4), 735–754. CrossRef

Eagly, A. H., Wood, W. in Diekman, A. B. (2000). Social role theory of sex differences and similarities: A current appraisal. V T. Eckes in H. M. Trauter (ur.), The developmental social psychology of gender (str. 123–174). Mahwah, NJ, ZDA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Elsesser, K. M. in Lever, J. (2011). Does gender bias against female leaders persist? Quantitative and qualitative data from a large-scale survey. Human Relations, 64(12), 1555–1578. CrossRef

Fiske, S. T. (2000). Interdependence and the reduction of prejudice. Reducing prejudice and discrimination. V S. Oskamp (ur.), Reducing prejudice and discrimination (str. 115–135). Mahwah, NJ, ZDA: Larry Erlbaum Associates.

Foschi, M. (1989). Status characteristics, standards, and attributions. V J. Berger, M. Zelditch in B. Anderson (ur.), Sociological theories in progress: New formulations (str. 58–72). Newbury Park, CA, ZDA: Sage.

Foschi, M. (1998). Double standards: Types, conditions, and consequences. Advances in Group Processes, 15, 59–80.

Foschi, M. (2000). Double standards for competence: Theory and research. Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 21–42. CrossRef

Foschi, M. (2006). On the application-files design for the study of competence and double standards. Sociological Focus, 39(2), 115–132. CrossRef

Fuegen, K., Biernat, M., Haines, E. in Deuax, K. (2004). Mothers and fathers in the workplace: How gender and parental status influence judgments of job-related competence. Journal of Social Issues, 60(4), 737–754. CrossRef

Garcia-Retamero, R. in López-Zafra, E. (2009). Causal attributions about feminine and leadership roles. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40(3), 492–509. CrossRef

Glick, P., Larsen, S., Johnson, C. in Branstiter, H. (2005). Evaluations of Sexy Women in Low- and High-Status Jobs. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 29(4), 389–395. CrossRef

Halpert, J. A., Wilson, M. L. in Hickman, J. L. (1993). Pregnancy as a source of bias in performance appraisals. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(7), 649–663. CrossRef

Hays, S. (1998). The cultural contradictions of motherhood. New Haven, CT, ZDA: Yale University Press.

Heflick, N. A., Goldenberg, J. L., Cooper, D. P. in Puvia, E. (2011). From women to objects: Appearance focus, target gender, and perceptions of warmth, morality and competence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(3), 572–581. CrossRef

Heilman, M. E. (1983). Sex bias in work settings: The lack of fit model. Research in Organizational Behavior, 5, 269–98.

Heilman, M. E. (2001). Description and prescription: How gender stereotypes prevent women's ascent up the organizational ladder. Journal of Social Issues, 57(4), 657–674. CrossRef

Heilman, M. E. (2012). Gender stereotypes and workplace bias. Research in Organizational Behavior, 32, 113–135. CrossRef

Heilman, M. E. in Chen, J. J. (2005). Same behavior, different consequences: Reactions to men's and women's altruistic citizenship behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(3), 431–441. CrossRef

Heilman, M. E. in Eagly, A. H. (2008). Gender stereotypes are alive, well, and busy producing workplace discrimination. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1(4), 393–398. CrossRef

Heilman, M. E. in Haynes, M. C. (2005). No credit where credit is due: Attributional rationalization of women's success in male-female teams. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(5), 905–916. CrossRef

Heilman, M. E. in Okimoto, T. G. (2007). Why are women penalized for success at male tasks? The implied communality deficit. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 81–92. CrossRef

Heilman, M. E. in Parks-Stamm, E. J. (2007). Gender stereotypes in the workplace: Obstacles to women's career progress. V S. J. Correll (ur.), Social psychology of gender: Advances in group processes (str. 47–77). Bingley, Združeno Kraljestvo: Emerald Group Publishing.

Heilman, M. E. in Stopeck, M. H. (1985). Being attractive, advantage or disadvantage? Performance-based evaluations and recommended personnel actions as a function of appearance, sex, and job type. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 35(2), 202–215. CrossRef

Heilman, M. E., Wallen, A. S., Fuchs, D. in Tamkins, M. M. (2004). Penalties for success: Reactions to women who succeed at male gender-typed tasks. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(3), 416–427. CrossRef

Heilman, M. E. in Wallen, A. S. (2010). Wimpy and undeserving of respect: Penalties for men’s gender-inconsistent success. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(4), 664–667. CrossRef Hosoda, M., Stone-Romero, E. F. in Coats, G. (2003). Job-related outcomes: A meta-analysis of experimental studies. Personnel Psychology, 56(2), 431–462. CrossRef

Jackson, L. A, Sullivan, L. A in Hodge, C. N. (1993). Stereotype effects on attributions, predictions, and evaluations: No two social judgments are quite alike. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(1), 69–84. CrossRef

Johnson, S. K., Murphy, S. E., Zewdie, S. in Reichard, R. J. (2008). The strong, sensitive type: Effects of gender stereotypes and leadership prototypes on the evaluation of male and female leaders. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 106(1), 39–60. CrossRef

Johnston, D. D. in Swanson, D. H. (2006). Constructing the »good mother«: The experience of mothering ideologies by work status. Sex Roles, 54(7/8), 509–519. CrossRef

Jussim, L., Crawford, J. T. in Rubinstein, R. S. (2015). Stereotype (in)accuracy in perceptions of groups and individuals. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(6), 490–497. CrossRef

Kark, R., Waismel-Manor, R. in Shamir, B. (2012). Does valuing androgyny and femininity lead to a female advantage? The relationship between gender-role, transformational leadership and identification. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(3), 620–640. CrossRef

Kelly, E. L., Ammons, S. K., Chermack, K. in Moen, P. (2010). Gendered challenge, gendered response: Confronting the ideal worker norm in a white-collar organization. Gender & Society, 24(3), 281–303. CrossRef

Koch, A. J., D'Mello, S. D. in Sackett, P. R. (2015). A meta-analysis of gender stereotypes and bias in experimental simulations of employment decision making. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(1), 128–161. CrossRef

Koenig, A. M., Eagly, A. H., Mitchell, A. A. in Ristikari, T. (2011). Are leader stereotypes masculine? A meta-analysis of three research paradigms. Psychological Bulletin, 137(4), 616–642. CrossRef

Latu, I. M., Stewart, T. L., Myers, A. C., Lisco, C. G., Estes, S. B. in Donahue, D. K. (2011). What we »say« and what we »think« about female managers: Explicit versus implicit associations of women with success. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 35(2), 252–266. CrossRef

Lippa, R. A. (2001). On deconstructing and reconstructing masculinity–femininity. Journal of Research in Personality, 35(2), 168–207. CrossRef

Lopez-Zafra, E. in Garcia-Retamero, R. (2012). Do gender stereotypes change? The dynamic of gender stereotypes in Spain. Journal of Gender Studies, 21(2), 169–183. CrossRef

Lyness, K. S. in Heilman, M. E. (2006). When fit is fundamental: Performance evaluations and promotions of upper-level female and male managers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 777–785. CrossRef

Mavin, S. in Williams, J. (2013). Women's impact on women's careers in management: Queen bees, female misogyny, negative intra-relations and solidarity behaviours. V S. Vinnicombe, R. J. Burke, S. Blake-Beard, in L. L. Moore (ur.), Handbook of research on promoting women's careers (str. 178–195). Cheltenham, Združeno kraljestvo: Edward Elgar.

Moss-Racusin, C. A., Phelan, J. E. in Rudman, L. A. (2010). When men break the gender rules: Status incongruity and backlash against modest men. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 11(2), 140–151. CrossRef

Niederle, M. in Vesterlund, L. (2011). Gender and competition. Annual Review of Economics, 3(1), 601-630. CrossRef

Parks-Stamm, E. J., Heilman, M. E. in Hearns, K. A. (2008). Motivated to penalize: Women's strategic rejection of successful women. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(2), 237–247. CrossRef

Phelan, J. E., Moss-Racusin, C. A. in Rudman, L. A. (2008). Competent yet out in the cold: Shifting criteria for hiring reflect backlash toward agentic women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 32(4), 406–413. CrossRef

Riach, P. A. in Rich, J. (2002). Field experiments of discrimination in the market place. The Economic Journal, 112, F480–F518. CrossRef

Ridgeway, C. L. (1997). Interaction and the conservation of gender inequality: Considering employment. American Sociological Review, 26(2), 218–235. CrossRef

Rudman, L. A. in Phelan, J. E. (2008). Backlash effects for disconfirming gender stereotypes in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 28, 61–79. CrossRef

Schein, V. E. (2001). A global look at psychological barriers to women's progress in management. Journal of Social Issues, 57(4), 675–688. CrossRef

Sechrist, G. B. in Delmar, C. (2009) When do men and women make attributions to gender discrimination? The role of discrimination source. Sex Roles, 61(9/10), 607–620. CrossRef

Sherman, J. W., Stroessner, S. J., Conrey, F. R. in Azam, O. A. (2005). Prejudice and stereotype maintenance processes: Attention, attribution, and individuation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(4), 607–622. CrossRef

Swim, J., Borgia, E., Maruyama, G. in Myers, D. G. (1989). Joan McKay versus John McKay: Do gender stereotypes bias evaluations? Psychological Bulletin, 105(3), 409–429. CrossRef

Vinkenburg, C. J., Van Engen, M. L., Eagly, A. H. in Johannsen-Schmidt, M. C. (2011). An exploration of stereotypical beliefs about leadership styles: Is transformational leadership a route to women's promotion? The Leadership Quarterly, 22(1), 10–21. CrossRef

Wetherell, M., Stiven, H. in Potter, J. (1987). Unequal egalitarianism: A preliminary study of discourses concerning gender and employment opportunities. British Journal of Social Psychology, 26(1), 59–71. CrossRef

Wilde, A. in Diekman, A. B. (2005). Cross-cultural similarities and differences in dynamic stereotypes: A comparison between Germany and the United States. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 29(2), 188–196. CrossRef


« Nazaj na Letnik 28 (2019)