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Sistematični pregled dejavnikov učinkovitosti računalniškega kognitivnega treninga pri otrocih z motnjo pozornosti s hiperaktivnostjo
Sara Mičič, Vojko Kavčič in Karin Bakračevič
Polno besedilo (pdf) | Ogledi: 152 | 
Napisan v slovenščini. | Objavljeno: 7. maj 2021
https://doi.org/10.20419/2021.30.535 | Citati: CrossRef (0)
Povzetek: Računalniški kognitivni treningi (RKT) za otroke z motnjo pozornosti s hiperaktivnostjo (ADHD) so namenjeni premagovanju specifičnih primanjkljajev in zmanjševanju simptomov, povezanih z motnjo pozornosti. Tovrstni treningi postajajo vse bolj razširjeni in raziskani, vendar še ni povsem jasno, kako učinkovito vplivajo na generalizirane funkcionalne primanjkljaje, kot so pomanjkanje pozornosti, impulzivnost, pomanjkanje inhibicije na področju vedenja ter primanjkljaji na področju načrtovanja in organizacije. Primanjkljaji na področju izvršilnih sposobnosti, kamor spadajo tudi primanjkljaji na področju delovnega spomina, predstavljajo pomemben del ADHD in morda predstavljajo tudi osnovo za ostale simptome ADHD kamor spadajo težave na področju pozornosti, motivacije, aktivnosti in težave na področju vedenja. Zato v literaturi pogosto zasledimo RKT izvršilnih sposobnosti in delovnega spomina, ki predpostavljajo, da lahko s pomočjo njihovega izboljšanja zmanjšamo simptome ADHD. Namen pričujočega prispevka je pregledati in kritično ovrednotiti raziskave s področja RKT za otroke z ADHD in ugotoviti, ali so se tovrstni treningi v predhodnih raziskavah pokazali kot učinkoviti pri premagovanju primanjkljajev, ki so najpogostejši pri otrocih z ADHD, ter kateri tip RKT se v predhodnih raziskavah kaže kot učinkovit. Raziskovalne članke za ta prispevek smo iskali s pomočjo podatkovnih baz, vključenih v skupino EBSCOhost, in v bazah Science Direct ter Web of Science. Raziskave kažejo, da ima RKT potencialno pozitiven učinek na kognitivne sposobnosti otrok z ADHD. Nekatere študije so pokazale tudi pozitiven učinek na zmanjšanje disfunkcionalnega in impulzivnega vedenja. Vendar pa študije niso povsem enotne v obsegu vpliva RKT na tovrstne simptome, prav tako se razlikujejo v uporabljenem tipu RKT.
Ključne besede: motnja pozornosti s hiperaktivnostjo (ADHD), računalniški kognitivni trening (RKT), izvršilne sposobnosti, delovni spomin, otroci
Citiraj:
Mičič, S., Kavčič, V. in Bakračevič, K. (2021). Sistematični pregled dejavnikov učinkovitosti računalniškega kognitivnega treninga pri otrocih z motnjo pozornosti s hiperaktivnostjo [A systematic review of efficacy of computer-based cognitive training in children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder]. Psihološka obzorja, 30, 62–78. https://doi.org/10.20419/2021.30.535
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