This site uses cookies for user authentication, optional permanent login and monitoring the number of page views (Google Analytics).
Do you agree with cookies being used in accordance with our Privacy policy? You can change your decision regarding the use of cookies on the Privacy page.

I want to know more

Horizons of Psychology :: Psihološka obzorja

Scientific and Professional Psychological Journal of the Slovenian Psychologists' Association

Indexed in:
Scopus
PsycINFO
Academic OneFile

Member of DOAJ and CrossRef

sien
CONTENTS FOR AUTHORS ABOUT EDITORIAL BOARD LINKS

Search

My Account

Most viewed articles

 

« Back to Volume 24 (2015)

flag Pojdi na slovensko stran članka / Go to the article page in Slovene


Sixty years of asking "Who am I?": Analysis of the Twenty Statements Test (TST)

Bojan Musil & Andrej Preglej

pdf Full text (pdf)  |  Views: 333  |  flagWritten in Slovene.  |  Published: October 16, 2015

pdf https://doi.org/10.20419/2015.24.429  |  Cited By: CrossRef (0)

Abstract: In 1954, Kuhn and McPartland set a simple question "Who am I?" in the context of the research of self and self-concept. In later years, the questionnaire become popular in psychological and sociological research, while in recent times it was widely used in the field of cross-cultural (psychological) studies. After 60 years, we have asked that question again in the context of analytic review of past research of this instrument. In the overall evaluation of the instrument, we try to answer the question whether the use of the question is still scientifically meaningful.

Keywords: Who am I?, Twenty Statements Test (TST), self-concept, self, questionnaire analysis


Cite:
Musil, B., & Preglej, A. (2015). Šestdeset let spraševanja "Kdo sem jaz?": Analiza vprašalnika Twenty Statements Test (TST) [Sixty years of asking "Who am I?": Analysis of the Twenty Statements Test (TST)]. Psihološka obzorja, 24, 66–73. https://doi.org/10.20419/2015.24.429


Reference list


Bond, M. H., & Cheung, T. S. (1983). College students' spontaneous self-concept: The effect of culture among respondents in Hong Kong, Japan, and the United States. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 14, 153–171. CrossRef

Bresnahan, M. J., Levine, T. R., Shearman, S. M., Lee, S. Y., Park, C., & Kiyomiya T. (2005). A multimethod multitrait validity assessment of self-construal in Japan, Korea, and the United States. Human Communication Research, 31(1), 33–59. CrossRef

Brewer, M. B., & Gardner, W. (1996). Who is this "We"? Levels of collective identity and self representations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 83–93. CrossRef

Bucik, V. (1997). Osnove psihološkega testiranja. Ljubljana: Filozofska fakulteta, Oddelek za psihologijo.

Church, A. T. (2009). Prospects for an integrated trait and cultural psychology. European Journal of Personality, 23, 153–182. CrossRef

Cousins, S. D. (1989). Culture and self-perception in Japan and the United States. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 124–131. CrossRef

Cross, S. E., Hardin, E. E., & Gercek-Swing, B. (2011). The what, how, why, and where of self-construal. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15(2), 142–179. CrossRef

del Prado, A. M., Church, A. T., Katigbak, M. S., Miramontes, L. G., Whitty, M. T., Curtis, G. J. … Reyes, J. A. S. (2007). Culture, method, and the content of self-concepts: Testing trait, individual–self-primacy, and cultural psychology perspectives. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 1119–1160. CrossRef

Dhawan, N., Roseman, I. J., Naidu, R. K., Thapa, K., & Rettek, S. I. (1995). Self-concepts across two cultures: India and the United States. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 26, 606–621. CrossRef

Driver, E. D. (1969). Self-conceptions in India and the United States: A cross-cultural validation of the Twenty Statement Test. The Sociological Quarterly, 10 (3), 341–354. CrossRef

Foels, R., & Tomcho, T. J. (2009). Gender differences in interdependent self-construals: It's Not the type of group, it's the way you see it. Self and Identity, 8, 396–417. CrossRef

Gardner, W. L., Gabriel, S., & Lee, A. Y. (1999). "I" value freedom, but "We" value relationships: Self-construal priming mirrors cultural differences in judgment. Psychological Science, 10(4), 321–326. CrossRef

Grace, S. L., & Cramer, K. L. (2003). The elusive nature of self-measurement: The self-construal scale versus the twenty statements test. The Journal of social Psychology, 143(5), 649–668. CrossRef

Isbell, L. M., McCabe, J., Burns, K. C., & Lair, E. C. (2013). Who am I? The influence of affect on the working self-concept. Cognition and Emotion, 27(6), 1073–1090. CrossRef

Kanagawa, C., Cross, S. E., & Markus, H. R. (2001). "Who Am I?" The cultural psychology of the conceptual self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 90–103. CrossRef

Kuhn, M. H. (1960). Self-attitudes by age, sex, and professional training. The Sociological Quarterly, 1(1), 39–56. CrossRef

Kuhn, M. H., & McPartland, T. S. (1954). An empirical investigation of self-attitudes. American Sociological Review, 19(1), 68–76. CrossRef

Lam, M., Chan, G., Marcet, M. M., Wong, W., Wong, J,, & Wong, D. (2014). Spontaneous self-concept among Chinese undergraduates in Hong Kong. Social Behavior and Personality, 42(8), 1353–1364. CrossRef

Ma, V., & Schoeneman, T. J. (1997). Individualism versus collectivism: A comparison of Kenyan and American self-concepts. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 19(2), 261–273. CrossRef

Madson, L., & Trafimov, D. (2001). Gender comparisons in the private, collective, and allocentric selves. The Journal of Social Psychology, 141(4), 551–559. CrossRef

Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98(2), 224–253. CrossRef

McPahil, C., & Tucker, C. W. (1972). The classification and ordering of responses to the question "Who Am I?". The Sociological Quarterly, 13(3), 329–347. CrossRef

McPartland, T. S., Cumming, J. H., & Garretson, W. S. (1961). Self-conception and ward behaviour in two psychiatric hospital. Sociometry, 24(2), 111–124. CrossRef

Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self, and society. London: The University of Chicago Press.

Montemayor, R., & Eisen, M. (1977). The development of self-conceptions from childhood to adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 13(4), 314–319. CrossRef

Rhee, E., Uleman, J. S., Lee, H. K., & Roman, R. J. (1995). Spontaneous self-descriptions and ethnic identities in individualistic and collectivistic cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(1), 142–152. CrossRef

Santamaria, A., de la Mata, M., Hansen, T. G. B., & Ruiz, L. (2010). Cultural self-construals of Mexican, Spanish, and Danish college students: Beyond independent and interdependent self. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 41(3), 471–477. CrossRef

Spitzer, S. P. (1969). Test equivalence of unstructured self-evaluation instruments. The Sociological Quarterly, 10(2), 204–215. CrossRef

Spitzer, S. P., & Parker, J. (1976). Perceived validity and assessment of the self: A decade later. The Sociological Quarterly, 17(2), 236–246. CrossRef

Spitzer, S. P., Stratton, J. R., Fitzgerald, J. D., & Mach, B. K. (1966). The self concept: Test equivalence and perceived validity. The Sociological Quarterly, 7(3), 265–280. CrossRef

Steck, L. W., Heckert, D. M., & Heckert, D. A. (2003). The salience of racial identity among African-American and white students. Race and Society, 6, 57–73. CrossRef

Stimson, J., & Stimson, A. (1978). Using the "Who am I?" Test to teach the logic of four-fold tables. Teaching Sociology, 5(3), 281–286. CrossRef

Triandis, H. C., McCusker, C., & Hui, C. H. (1990). Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(5), 1006–1020. CrossRef

Tucker, C. W. (1966). Some methodological problems of Kuhn's self theory. The Sociological Quarterly, 7(3), 345–358. CrossRef

Vernon, G. M. (1962). Measuring religion: Two methods compared. Review of Religious Research, 3(4), 159–165. CrossRef

Watkins, D., Cheng, C., Mpofu, E., Olowu, S., Singh-Sengupta, S., & Regmi, M. (2003). Gender differences in self-construal: How generalizable are Western findings. The Journal of Social Psychology, 143(4), 501–519. CrossRef

Watkins, D., & Gerong, A. (1997). Culture and spontaneous self-concept among Filipino college students. The Journal of Social Psychology, 137(4), 480–488. CrossRef

Watkins, D., & Gerong, A. (1999). Language of response and the spontaneous self-concept: A test of the cultural accommodation hypothesis. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 30(1), 115–121. CrossRef

Wylie, R. C. (1974). The self concept: A review of methodological considerations and measuring instruments. Nebraska, ZDA: University of Nebraska press.


« Back to Volume 24 (2015)