Pojdi na slovensko stran članka / Go to the article page in Slovene
“I want to be more ...” Can we intentionally change our personality traits?
Gaja Zager Kocjan & Maruša Kekec
Full text (pdf) | Views: 521 | Written in Slovene. | Published: August 17, 2020
https://doi.org/10.20419/2020.29.522 | Cited By: CrossRef (0)
Abstract: In this article, we reviewed and critically evaluated the latest research in the field of personality psychology that focuses on understanding and empirically examining a person’s own effort or self-regulation as a source of personality trait change. Articles included in this literature review were found through EBSCOhost, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, using “volitional personality change” or “intentional personality change” as key words. The review of 25 scientific articles published between 2012 and 2020 has shown that most of the individuals want to change some of their personality traits, which is indeed possible in a relatively short period of time by investing deliberate effort and relying on specific goals and plans to change selected personality traits. In general, most authors understand volitional personality change as a “bottom-up” process with a main mechanism being a change in current behavior, thinking, and emotions that over time manifests in a long-term personality change. Several interventions have been developed and preliminary tested to promote volitional personality change. Although first studies in this area show some promising results, they have several limitations in common. Among those are reliance on self-reports, small size and homogeneity of samples, and short time frame to monitor stability of the observed changes. Despite the limitations, results from these studies suggest that intentionally changing one’s personality may have beneficial consequences for an individual.
Keywords: volitional personality change, lifespan personality development, big five, interventions
Cite:
Zager Kocjan, G., & Kekec, M. (2020). “Rad bi bil bolj ...” Ali lahko namerno spremenimo svoje osebnostne lastnosti? [“I want to be more ...” Can we intentionally change our personality traits?]. Psihološka obzorja, 29, 143–157. https://doi.org/10.20419/2020.29.522
Reference list
Allan, J. A., Leeson, P., & Martin, L. S. (2014). Who wants to change their personality and what do they want to change? International Coaching Psychology Review, 9(1), 8–21.
Allan, J., Leeson, P., De Fruyt, F., & Martin, S. (2018). Application of a 10 week coaching program designed to facilitate volitional personality change: Overall effects on personality and the impact of targeting. International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching and Mentoring, 16(1), 80–94.
Allemand, M., & Flückiger, C. (2017). Changing personality traits: Some considerations from psychotherapy process-outcome research for intervention efforts on intentional personality change. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 27(4), 476–494. CrossRef
Allemand, M., Hill, P. L., & Lehmann, R. (2015). Divorce and personality development across middle adulthood. Personal Relationships, 22(1), 122–137. CrossRef
Allport, G. W. (1961). Pattern and growth in personality. Holt, Reinhart & Winston.
Asadi, S., Dehaj, H. M., & Robinson, O. (2020). Personality change goals and plans as predictors of longitudinal trait change in young adults: A replication with an Iranian sample. Journal of Research in Personality, 85, 103912. CrossRef
Back, M. D., Baumert, A., Denissen, J. J. A., Hartung, F. M., Penke, L., Schmukle, S. C., Schönbrodt, F. D., Schröder‐Abé, M., Vollmann, M., Wagner, J., & Wrzus, C. (2011). PERSOC: A unified framework for understanding the dynamic interplay of personality and social relationships. European Journal of Personality, 25, 90–107. CrossRef
Baranski, E., Gray, J., Morse, P., & Dunlop, W. (2020). From desire to development? A multi-sample, idiographic examination of volitional personality change. Journal of Research in Personality, 85, 103910–103922. CrossRef
Baranski, E. N., Morse, P. J., & Dunlop, W. L. (2017). Lay conceptions of volitional personality change: From strategies pursued to stories told. Journal of Personality, 85 (3), 285–299. CrossRef
Bleidorn, W. (2015). What accounts for personality maturation in early adulthood? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24, 245–252. CrossRef
Bleidorn, W., Hill, P. L., Back, M. D., Denissen, J. J., Hennecke, M., Hopwood, C. J., Jokela, M., Kandler, C., Lucas, R. E., Luhmann, M., Orth, U., Wagner, J., Wrzus, C., Zimmermann, J., & Roberts, B. (2019). The policy relevance of personality traits. American Psychologist, 74(9) , 1056–1067. CrossRef
Bleidorn, W., Hopwood, C. J., & Lucas, R. E. (2018). Life events and personality trait change. Journal of Personality, 86, 83–96. CrossRef
Bleidorn, W., Kandler, C., Riemann, R., Spinath, F. M., & Angleitner, A. (2009). Patterns and sources of adult personality development: Growth curve analyses of the NEO-PI-R scales in a longitudinal twin study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 142–155. CrossRef
Briley, D. A., & Tucker-Drob, E. M. (2014). Genetic and environmental continuity in personality development: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 1303–1331. CrossRef
Chapman, B. P., Hampson, S., & Clarkin, J. (2014). Personality-informed interventions for healthy aging: Conclusions from a National Institute on Aging work group. Developmental Psychology, 50 (5), 1426–1441. CrossRef
Cramer, A. O., Van der Sluis, S., Noordhof, A., Wichers, M., Geschwind, N., Aggen, S. H., Kendler, K. S., & Borsboom, D. (2012). Dimensions of normal personality as networks in search of equilibrium: You can't like parties if you don't like people. European Journal of Personality, 26 (4), 414–431. CrossRef
Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Larson, R. (1987). Validity and reliability of the experience-sampling method. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 175 (9), 526–536. CrossRef
Denissen, J. J. A., & Penke, L. (2008). Motivational individual reaction norms underlying the five-factor model of personality: First steps towards a theorybased conceptual framework. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 1285–1302. CrossRef
Dunlop, P. D., Telford, A. D., & Morrison, D. L. (2012). Not too little, but not too much: The perceived desirability of responses to personality items. Journal of Research in Personality, 46 (1), 8–18. CrossRef
Fleeson, W. (2001). Toward a structure-and process-integrated view of personality: Traits as density distributions of states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80 (6), 1011–1027. CrossRef
Geukes, K., van Zalk, M., & Back, M. D. (2018). Understanding personality development: An integrative state process model. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 42 (1), 43–51. CrossRef
Gligorović, M., & Buha, N. (2013). Inhibitorna kontrola kao činilac problema u ponašanju kod dece sa lakom intelektualnom ometenošću. Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija, 12 (2), 149–162.
Goldberg, L. R. (1990). An alternative "description of personality": The big five factor structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 1216–1229. CrossRef
Gollwitzer, P. M., & Brandstätter, V. (1997). Implementation intentions and effective goal pursuit. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73 (1), 186–199. CrossRef
Hennecke, M., Bleidorn, W., Denissen, J. J., & Wood, D. (2014). A three‐part framework for self‐regulated personality development across adulthood. European Journal of Personality, 28 (3), 289–299. CrossRef
Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94 (3), 319–340. CrossRef
Hudson, N. W., Briley, D. A., Chopik, W. J., & Derringer, J. (2019a). You have to follow through: Attaining behavioral change goals predicts volitional personality change. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 117 (4), 839–857. CrossRef
Hudson, N. W., Derringer, J., & Briley, D. A. (2019b). Do people know how they've changed? A longitudinal investigation of volitional personality change and participants' retrospective perceptions thereof. Journal of Research in Personality, 83, 103879. CrossRef
Hudson, N. W., & Fraley, R. C. (2015). Volitional personality trait change: Can people choose to change their personality traits? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(3), 490–507. CrossRef
Hudson, N. W.,, & Fraley, R. C. (2016a). Changing for the better? Longitudinal associations between volitional personality change and psychological well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 42(5), 603–615. CrossRef
Hudson, N. W.,, & Fraley, R. C. (2016b). Do people's desires to change their personality traits vary with age? An examination of trait change goals across adulthood. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 7(8), 847–856. CrossRef
Hudson, N. W., Fraley, R. C., Chopik, W. J., & Briley, D. A. (2020). Change goals robustly predict trait growth: A mega-analysis of a dozen intensive longitudinal studies examining volitional change. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 11(6), 723–732. CrossRef
Hudson, N. W., & Roberts, B. W. (2014). Goals to change personality traits: Concurrent links between personality traits, daily behavior, and goals to change oneself. Journal of Research in Personality, 53, 68–83. CrossRef
Hudson, N. W., Roberts, B. W., & Lodi-Smith, J. (2012). Personality trait development and social investment in work. Journal of Research in Personality, 46, 334–344. CrossRef
Jackson, J. J., Hill, P. L., Payne, B. R., Roberts, B. W., & Stine-Morrow, E. A. (2012). Can an old dog learn (and want to experience) new tricks? Cognitive training increases openness to experience in older adults. Psychology and Aging, 27(2), 286–292. CrossRef
John, O. P., Donahue, E. M., & Kentle, R. L. (1991). The Big Five Inventory--Versions 4a and 54. University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Personality and Social Research. CrossRef
Kiecolt, K. J. (1994). Stress and the decision to change oneself: A theoretical model. Social Psychology Quarterly, 57, 49–63. CrossRef
Krasner, M. S., Epstein, R. M., Beckman, H., Suchman, A. L., Chapman, B., Mooney, C. J., & Quill, T. E. (2009). Association of an educational program in mindful communication with burnout, empathy, and attitudes among primary care physicians. Jama, 302(12), 1284–1293. CrossRef
Lang, F. R., & Heckhausen, J. (2001). Perceived control over development and subjective well-being: Differential benefits across adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 509–523. CrossRef
Lehnart, J., Neyer, F. J., & Eccles, J. (2010). Long-term effects of social investment: The case of partnering in young adulthood. Journal of Personality, 78, 639–670. CrossRef
Lejuez, C. W., Hopko, D. R., Acierno, R., Daughters, S. B., & Pagoto, S. L. (2011). Ten year revision of the brief behavioral activation treatment for depression: Revised treatment manual. Behavior Modification, 35(2), 111–161. CrossRef
Logan, G. D., Schachar, R. J., & Tannock, R. (1997). Impulsivity and inhibitory control. Psychological Science, 8(1), 60–64. CrossRef
London, M., & Smither, J. W. (1995). Can multi-source feedback change perceptions of goal accomplishment self-evaluations, and performance-related outcomes? Theory-based applications and directions for research. Personnel Psychology, 48, 803–839. CrossRef
Lüdtke, O., Roberts, B. W., Trautwein, U., & Nagy, G. (2011). A random walk down university avenue: Life paths, life events, and personality trait change at the transition to university life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(3), 620–637. CrossRef
Magidson, J. F., Roberts, B. W., Collado-Rodriguez, A., & Lejuez, C. W. (2014). Theory-driven intervention for changing personality: Expectancy value theory, behavioral activation, and conscientiousness. Developmental Psychology, 50(5), 1442–1450. CrossRef
Martin, L. S., Oades, L. G., & Caputi, P. (2012). What is personality change coaching and why is it important? International Coaching Psychology Review, 7(2), 185–193.
Martin, L. S., Oades, L. G., & Caputi, P. (2014a). A step-wise process of intentional personality change coaching. International Coaching Psychology Review, 9(2), 181–195.
Martin, L. S., Oades, L. G., & Caputi, P. (2014b). Intentional personality change coaching: A randomised controlled trial of participant selected personality facet change using the Five-Factor Model of Personality. International Coaching Psychology Review, 9(2), 195–209.
Martin, L. S., Oades, L. G., & Caputi, P. (2015). Clients' experiences of intentional personality change coaching. International Coaching Psychology Review, 10(1), 94–108.
Martin-Allan, J., Leeson, P., & Martin, L. S. (2019). Intentional personality change coaching: A four-year longitudinal study. International Coaching Psychology Review, 14(2), 44–56.
Massey-Abernathy, A. R., & Robinson, D. N. (2019). Personality promotion: The impact of coaching and behavioral activation on facet level personality change and health outcomes. Current Psychology, 1–12. CrossRef
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1985). The NEO PI/FFI Personality Inventory manual. Psychological Assessment Resources.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (2008). The five-factor theory of personality. V O. P. John, R. W. Robins in L. A. Pervin (ur.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (3. izd., str. 150–181). Guilford Press.
Miller, T. J., Baranski, E. N., Dunlop, W. L., & Ozer, D. J. (2019). Striving for change: The prevalence and correlates of personality change goals. Journal of Research in Personality, 80, 10–16. CrossRef
Moher D., Liberati A., Tetzlaff J., Altman D. G., & The PRISMA Group (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), 264–269. CrossRef
Nelis, D., Kotsou, I., Quoidbach, J., Hansenne, M., Weytens, F., Dupuis, P., & Mikolajczak, M. (2011). Increasing emotional competence improves psychological and physical well-being, social relationships, and employability. Emotion, 11(2), 354–366. CrossRef
Paulhus, D. L., & Vazire, S. (2007). The self-report method. V R. W. Robins, R. C. Fraley in R. F. Krueger (ur.), Handbook of research methods in personality psychology (str. 224 –239). Guilford Press.
Piedmont, R. L. (2001). Cracking the plaster cast: Big Five personality change during intensive outpatient counseling. Journal of Research in Personality, 35(4), 500–520. CrossRef
Polivy, J., & Herman, C. P. (2002). If at first you don't succeed: False hopes of self-change. American Psychologist, 57(9), 677–689. CrossRef
Quintus, M., Egloff, B., & Wrzus, C. (2017). Predictors of volitional personality change in younger and older adults: Response surface analyses signify the complementary perspectives of the self and knowledgeable others. Journal of Research in Personality, 70, 214–228. CrossRef
Roberts, B. W., Kuncel, N. R., Shiner, R., Caspi, A., & Goldberg, L. R. (2007). The power of personality: The comparative validity of personality traits, socioeconomic status, and cognitive ability for predicting important life outcomes. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2, 313–345. CrossRef
Roberts, B. W., Luo, J., Briley, D. A., Chow, P. I., Su, R., & Hill, P. L. (2017). A systematic review of personality trait change through intervention. Psychological Bulletin, 143, 117–141. CrossRef
Roberts, B. W., & Mroczek, D. (2008). Personality trait change in adultdood. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 31–35. CrossRef
Roberts, B. W., Walton, K. E., & Viechtbauer, W. (2006). Patterns of mean-level change in personality traits across the life course: A metaanalysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 1–25. CrossRef
Roberts, B. W., & Wood, D. (2006). Personality development in the context of the neo-socioanalytic model of personality. V D. K. Mroczek in T. D. Little (ur.), Handbook of personality development (str. 11–39). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Robinson, O. C., Noftle, E. E., Guo, J., Asadi, S., & Zhang, X. (2015). Goals and plans for Big Five personality trait change in young adults. Journal of Research in Personality, 59, 31–43. CrossRef
Sander, J., Schmiedek, F., Brose, A., Wagner, G. G., & Specht, J. (2017). Long‐term effects of an extensive cognitive training on personality development. Journal of Personality, 85(4), 454–463. CrossRef
Schimmack, U. (2012). The ironic effect of significant results on the credibility of multiple-study articles. Psychological Methods, 17, 551–566. CrossRef
Sedlmeier, P., Eberth, J., Schwarz, M., Zimmermann, D., Haarig, F., Jaeger, S., & Kunze, S. (2012). The psychological effects of meditation: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 138(6), 1139–1171. CrossRef
Specht, J., Bleidorn, W., Denissen, J. J., Hennecke, M., Hutteman, R., Kandler, C., Luhmann, M., Orth, U., Reitz, A. K., & Zimmermann, J. (2014). What drives adult personality development? A comparison of theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence. European Journal of Personality, 28(3), 216–230. CrossRef
Stieger, M., Nißen, M., Rüegger, D., Kowatsch, T., Flückiger, C., & Allemand, M. (2018). PEACH, a smartphone-and conversational agent-based coaching intervention for intentional personality change: study protocol of a randomized, wait-list controlled trial. BMC Psychology, 6(1), 43–58. CrossRef
Verbruggen, F., McLaren, I. P., & Chambers, C. D. (2014). Banishing the control homunculi in studies of action control and behavior change. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9(5), 497–524. CrossRef
Wrzus, C., & Roberts, B. W. (2017). Processes of personality development in adulthood: The TESSERA framework. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 21(3), 253–277. CrossRef