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Povezanost teorije uma s socialnimi odnosi in otrokovo socialno kompetentnostjo
Nuša Skubic
Polno besedilo (pdf) | Ogledi: 149 | 
Napisan v slovenščini. | Objavljeno: 28. oktober 2012
https://doi.org/10.20419/2012.21.358 | Citati: CrossRef (0)
Povzetek: Prispevek predstavlja pregled in evalvacijo ugotovitev raziskovalcev s področja teorije uma v povezavi s socialnimi odnosi in na drugi strani v povezavi z otrokovo socialno kompetentnostjo, ki je odraz njegove teorije uma. Prikazuje, kateri so tisti dejavniki, ki največ prispevajo k individualnim razlikam v razvitosti teorije uma med otroki in poudarja dvosmernost učinkov med otrokovim socialnim razumevanjem in socialnimi odnosi z drugimi. Pozitivni dejavniki za razvoj otrokove teorije uma so v prvi vrsti otrokove zgodnje kakovostne izkušnje o mentalnih stanjih, ki dobro napovedujejo njegov poznejši dosežek pri preizkusu razumevanja napačnih prepričanj. Od družinskih dejavnikov so za razvoj otrokove teorije uma pomembni predvsem socialno-ekonomski položaj družine, vedenje in govor staršev (npr. ustrezna raba izrazov za opisovanje mentalnih stanj in ustrezni načini discipliniranja otroka) in prisotnost ustrezno starega (ponavadi starejšega) sorojenca, s katerim ima otrok kakovosten odnos, medtem ko raziskovalci izmed dejavnikov, ki niso vezani na družinsko okolje, najbolj poudarjajo pomen vrstnikov za otrokovo teorijo uma. Skladno s temi dejavniki se pri otroku bolj ali manj uspešno razvija njegovo socialno razumevanje, ki igra pomembno vlogo v njegovem vsakdanjem življenju. Tako otroci z dobro razvito teorijo uma to lahko uporabljajo na prosocialen način, lahko pa ta služi tudi proaktivni oziroma posredni obliki agresivnosti, ko otroci svoje razumevanje drugih uporabljajo za različne oblike manipulacij oz. nasilništva, posebej v vrstniški skupini. Nizko razvita teorija uma je dejavnik tveganja predvsem v primeru neugodnih družinskih razmer, medtem ko ima dobro razvita teorija uma v takih razmerah za otrokov razvoj lahko zaščitno vlogo. Prispevek opozarja na nekatere metodološke in strukturne pomanjkljivosti pregledanih študij ter predlaga usmeritve za možnosti celovitejšega raziskovanja otrokove teorije uma v prihodnje.
Ključne besede: teorija uma, socialni odnosi, socialna kompetentnost, socialno vedenje, Vygotsky, agresivnost
Citiraj:
Skubic, N. (2012). Povezanost teorije uma s socialnimi odnosi in otrokovo socialno kompetentnostjo [Association of theory of mind with social relations and child's social competence]. Psihološka obzorja, 21(1), 51–66. https://doi.org/10.20419/2012.21.358
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