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Ali znam toliko, kot mislim, da znam? Dunning-Krugerjev učinek, poznavanje neobstoječih konceptov in iluzija znanja
Nejc Plohl in Bojan Musil
Polno besedilo (pdf) | Ogledi: 686 | Napisan v angleščini. | Objavljeno: 23. april 2018
https://doi.org/10.20419/2018.27.481 | Citati: CrossRef (0)
Povzetek: Realistično zaznavanje lastnega znanja je pomembno na različnih področjih vsakdanjega življenja, a pretekle raziskave razkrivajo, da je naša samozaznava v resnici polna pomanjkljivosti. Pričujoča študija se je osredotočila na splošno precenjevanje znanja in razlike med eksperti ter slabšimi reševalci (Dunning-Krugerjev učinek), na poznavanje neobstoječih konceptov in na iluzijo znanja. Omenjene pojave smo preverjali z instrumentom, ki je vseboval elemente objektivnega ocenjevanja znanja in samoocene znanja na različnih področjih – slovnica, književnost in nanotehnologija. Rezultati so pokazali, da so udeleženci v povprečju precenjevali svoj absolutni dosežek, ne pa tudi svojega položaja v vzorcu. Nadalje so tisti iz spodnjega kvartila najbolj precenjevali svoj absolutni in relativni dosežek, medtem ko so tisti iz zgornjega kvartila svoj absolutni dosežek ocenjevali najtočneje, ob tem pa znatno podcenjevali svoj relativni dosežek. Rezultati, vezani na poznavanje neobstoječih konceptov, so pokazali, da je 56 % udeležencev zatrdilo poznavanje vsaj enega neobstoječega literarnega dela, pri tem pa se je z ravnjo poznavanja neobstoječih konceptov zmerno povezovala samozaznana kompetentnost. Nazadnje so rezultati pokazali tudi to, da je povečana kvantiteta informacij o nanotehnologiji vodila do občutka lažne gotovosti pri odgovarjanju na vprašanja iz tega področja.
Ključne besede: precenjevanje znanja, Dunning-Krugerjev učinek, poznavanje neobstoječih konceptov, iluzija znanja
Citiraj:
Plohl, N. in Musil, B. (2018). Do I know as much as I think I do? The Dunning-Kruger effect, overclaiming, and the illusion of knowledge. Psihološka obzorja, 27, 20–30. https://doi.org/10.20419/2018.27.481
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