« Nazaj na Letnik 21 (2012), Številka 2
Go to the article page in English / Pojdi na angleško stran članka
Razvoj, rast in zorenje možganov
Tina Bregant
Polno besedilo (pdf) | Ogledi: 290 | 
Napisan v slovenščini. | Objavljeno: 3. februar 2013
https://doi.org/10.20419/2012.21.363 | Citati: CrossRef (3)
Povzetek: Razvoj, rast in zorenje možganov danes spremljamo z longitudinalnimi študijami zdravih otrok. Zelo dragoceno je longitudinalno psihološko sledenje razvoja ter ob tem slikovna diagnostika z magnetno resonančnim slikanjem (MRI), ki jo lahko nadgradimo z meritvami kot sta morfometrija in volumetrija. V prispevku predstavimo nekaj ključnih spoznanj o razvoju možganov, ki ponudijo uvid v nekatere vidike otrokovega razvoja. Osredotočimo se na pomembna razvojna obdobja, vključno s prenatalnim obdobjem. Opišemo procese, ki delujejo na zgradbo in delovanje možganov. Predstavimo spremembe v beli možganovini, področno značilne razvojne krivulje v kortikalni sivi možganovini ter specifična področja subkortikalnih struktur. Opišemo značilnosti in posebnosti delovanja možganov med zorenjem. S prispevkom osvetlimo nekatere ključne nevroanatomske procese, ki vplivajo na vedenje otrok.
Ključne besede: možgani, razvoj, otroci, mladostniki, občutljivo obdobje, magnetnoresonančno slikanje (MRI)
Citiraj:
Bregant, T. (2012). Razvoj, rast in zorenje možganov [Brain development, growth, and maturation]. Psihološka obzorja, 21(2), 51–60. https://doi.org/10.20419/2012.21.363
Seznam literature v članku
Ackerman, S. (1992). Discovering the brain. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Alaimo, K., Olson, C. M. in Frongillo, E. A. (2001). Food insufficiency and American school–aged children's cognitive, academic, and psychosocial development. Pediatrics, 108(1), 44–53.
Anderson, J. W., Johnstone, B. M. in Remley, D. T. (1999). Breast–feeding and cognitive development: A meta–analysis. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70(4), 525–535.
Barkovich, A. J., Kjos, B. O., Jackson, D. E. in Norman, D. (1988). Normal maturation of the neonatal and infant brain: MR imaging at 1.5 T. Radiology, 166, 173–180. CrossRef
Bartzokis, G., Beckson, M., Nuechterlein, K. H., Edwards, N. in Mintz, J. (2001). Age–related changes in frontal and temporal lobe volumes in men: A magnetic resonance imaging study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58(5), 461–465. CrossRef
Belden, A. C., Renick–Thomson, N. R. in Luby, J. L. (2008). Temper tantrums in healthy versus depressed and disruptive preschoolers: Defining tantrum behaviors associated with clinical problems. Journal of Pediatrics, 152(1), 117–122. CrossRef
Bregant, T. (2010). Razvoj možganov [Brain development]. Proteus, 73(4), 168–174.
Bregant, T., Derganc, M. in Neubauer, D. (2012). Uporaba magnetnoresonančnega slikanja z difuzijskimi tenzorji v pediatriji. [Diffusion–tensor magnetic resonance imaging in pediatrics]. Zdravniški Vestnik, 81(7–8), 533–542.
Buchanan, C. M. in Hughes, J. L. (2009). Construction of social reality during early adolescence: Can expecting storm and stress increase real or perceived storm and stress? Journal of Research on Adolescence, 19(2), 261–285. CrossRef
Cedric, P., Koolschijn, M. P., Schel, M. A., de Rooij, M. A., Rombouts, S. in Crone, E. A. (2011). Three–year longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study of performance monitoring and test–retest reliability from childhood to early adulthood . The Journal of Neuroscience, 31(11), 4204–4212. CrossRef
Chugani, H. T., Phelps, M. E. in Mazziotta, J. C. (1987). Positron emission tomography study of human brain function development. Annals of Neurology, 22, 487–497. CrossRef
Clowry, G., Molnar Z. in Rakic, P. (2010). Renewed focus on the developing human neocortex. Journal of Anatomy, 217, 276–288. CrossRef
Einspieler, C., Prechtl, H. F. R., Bos, A. F., Ferrari, F. in Cioni, G. (2004). Prechtl's Method on the qualitative assessment of general movements in preterm, term and young infants. Clinics in Developmental Medicine, 197. London: Mac Keith Press; Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Fields, R. D. in Stevens–Graham, B. (2002). New insights into neuron–glia communication. Science Neuroscience, 298(5593), 556–562. CrossRef
Finlay, B. L. in Darlington, R. B. (1995). Linked regularities in the development and evolution of mammalian brains. Science, 268, 1578–1584. CrossRef
Fisher, L., Ames, W. E., Chisholm, K. in Savoie, L. (1997). Problems reported by parents of Romanian orphans adopted to British Columbia. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 20(1), 67–82. CrossRef
Giedd, J. N. (2008). The teen brain: Insights from neuroimaging. Journal of Adolescent Health, 42, 335–343. CrossRef
Giedd, J. N., Blumenthal, J., Jeffries, N. O., Castellanos, F. X., Liu, H., Zijdenbos, A., Paus, T., Evans, A. C. in Rapoport, J. L. (1999). Brain development during childhood and adolescence. A longitudinal MRI study. Nature Neuroscience, 2(10), 861–863. CrossRef
Gogtay, N., Giedd, J. N., Lusk, L., Hayashi, K. M., Greenstein, D., Vaituzis, A. C., Nugent, T. F., Herman, D. H., Clasen, L. S, Toga, A. W., Rapaport, J. L. in Thompson, P. M. (2004). Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood. PNAS, 101(21), 8174–8179. CrossRef
Haslam, R. H. A. (2000). Neural tube defects. V R. E. Behrman (ur.), Nelson textbook of pediatrics, (str. 10–37). Philadelphia: Saunders.
Huppi, P. S. in Inder, T.E. (2001). Magnetic resonance techniques in the evaluation of the perinatal brain: Recent advances and future directions. Seminars in Neonatology, 6(2), 195–210. CrossRef
Huttenlocher, P. R. in Dabholkar, A. S. (1997). Regional differences in synaptogenesis in human cerebral cortex. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 387, 167–178. CrossRef
Johnson, M. H. (2005). Sub–cortical face processing. Nature Review Neuroscience, 6, 766–774. CrossRef
Johnson, M. H. in Morton, J. (1991). Biology and cognitive development: The case of face recognition. Oxford: Blackwell.
Kennedy, H. in Dehay, C. (1993). Cortical specification of mice and men. Cerebral Cortex, 3(3), 171–186. CrossRef
Kostovic, I. in Rakic, P. (1990). Developmental history of the transient subplate zone in the visual and somatosensory cortex of the macaque monkey and human brain. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 297(3), 441–470. CrossRef
Kraemer, H. C., Yesavage, J. A., Taylor, J. L. in Kupfer, D. (2000). How can we learn about developmental processes from cross–sectional studies, or can we? American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 163–171. CrossRef
Lenroot, R. K. in Giedd, J. N. (2006). Brain development in children and adolescents: Insights from anatomical magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 30, 718–729. CrossRef
Levine, D. in Barnes, P. D. (1999). Cortical maturation in normal and abnormal fetuses as assessed with prenatal MR imaging. Radiology, 210, 751–758. CrossRef
Luna, B. in Sweeney, J. A. (2004). The emergence of collaborative brain function: fMRI studies of the development of response inhibition. Annals of NY Academic Science, 1021, 296–309. CrossRef
MacLean, P. D. (1990). The triune brain in evolution: Role in paleocerebral functions. New York: Plenum Press.
Malach, R., Avidan, G., Lerner, V., Hasson, U. in Levy I. (2004). The cartography of human visual object areas. V Kanwisher, N. in Duncan, J. (ur.), Attention and performance XX: Functional neuroimaging of visual cognition (str. 195–204). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Michel, G.F. in Tyler, A. N. (2005). Crical period: A history from transitons of questions from when, to what, to how. Developmental Psychobiology, 46(3), 156–162. CrossRef
Miyashita–Lin, E. M., Hevner, R., Montzka Wassarman, K., Martinez, S. in Rubenstein, J. L. R. (1999). Early neocortical regionalization in the absence of thalamic innervation. Science, 285, 906–909. CrossRef
Miller, S. P. in Ferriero, D. M. (2009). From selective vulnerability to connectivity: Insights from newborn brain imaging. Trends in Neuroscience, 32(9), 496–505. CrossRef
Moriguchia, Y. in Hirakic, K. (2011). Longitudinal development of prefrontal function during early childhood. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 1(2), 153–162. CrossRef
Offer, D. in Schonert–Reichl, K. A. (1992). Debunking the myths of adolescence: Findings from recent research. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(6), 1003–1014. CrossRef
Potegal, M. in Davidson, R. J. (2003). Temper tantrums in young children: Behavioral composition. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 24, 140–147. CrossRef
Rakic, P. (1988). Specification of cerebral cortiacal areas. Science, 241(4862), 170–176. CrossRef
Rakic, P. (1995). A small step for the cell, a giant leap for mankind: A hypothesis of neocortical expansion during evolution. Trends in Neuroscience, 383–388. CrossRef
Schmitt, J. E., Wallace, G. L. in Rosenthal, M. A. (2007). A multivariate analysis of neuroanatomic relationships: A genetically informative pediatric sample. Neuroimage, 35, 70–82. CrossRef
Shatz, C. J. (2002). Emergence of order in in visual system development. V Johnson, M. H. (ur.), Brain development and cognition, (str. 231–244). Oxford: Blackwell.
Shaw, P., Kabani, N. J., Lerch, J. P., Eckstrand,K., Lenroot, R., Gogtay., N., Greenstein, D., Clasen, L., Evans, A., Rapoport, J. L., Giedd, J. N. in Wise S. P. (2008). Neurodevelopmental trajectories of the human cerebral cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 28, 3586–3594. CrossRef
Tucker–Drob, E. M. in Harden, K. P. (2012). Early childhood cognitive development and parental cognitive stimulation: Evidence for reciprocal gene–environment transactions. Developmental Science, 15, 250–259. CrossRef
Volpe, J. J. (2008). Neurology of the newborn. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.
Yakovlev , P. I. in Lecours, A. (1967). The myelogenetic cycles of regional maturation of the brain. V Minkovski, A. (ur.), Regional development of the brain in early life (str. 3–65). Oxford: Blackwell.
Yurgelun–Todd, D. A. in Killgore, W. D. S. (2006). Fear–related activity in the prefrontal cortex increases with age during adolescence: A preliminary fMRI study. Neuroscience, 406(3), 194–199. CrossRef
Citati prek sistema CrossRef (3)
Razvoj aritmetičnih sposobnosti
Tatjana Levstek, Tina Bregant, Anja Podlesek
Psihološka obzorja / Horizons of Psychology, 2013
https://doi.org/10.20419/2013.22.383
Učinki splošne anestezije na kognitivne sposobnosti pri otrocih – pregledni članek
Vesna Mlinarič Lešnik, Janez Bregar, Ivana Kreft Hausmeister
Psihološka obzorja / Horizons of Psychology, 2022
https://doi.org/10.20419/2022.31.548
ADC values as a biomarker of fetal brain maturation
Lucija Kobal, Katarina Surlan Popovic, Jernej Avsenik, Tina Vipotnik Vesnaver
Radiology and Oncology, 2023
https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2023-0022
