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Učinki splošne anestezije na kognitivne sposobnosti pri otrocih – pregledni članek
Vesna Mlinarič Lešnik, Janez Bregar in Ivana Kreft Hausmeister
Polno besedilo (pdf) | Ogledi: 112 | 
Napisan v slovenščini. | Objavljeno: 27. maj 2022
https://doi.org/10.20419/2022.31.548 | Citati: CrossRef (0)
Povzetek: Teoretični modeli nastanka kognitivne motnje po splošni anesteziji vključujejo več dejavnikov, saj ima večina splošnih anestetikov širok razpon delovanja na številne nevrotransmiterske sisteme v osrednjem živčevju. Raziskave na živalih nakazujejo, da so nevroni v fazi celičnega razvoja bolj občutljivi na škodljive učinke splošnih anestetikov v primerjavi z zrelimi nevroni. Raziskave, ki so bile izvedene na otrocih, večinoma temeljijo na retrospektivnih podatkih, rezultati pa nakazujejo, da splošna anestezija najbolj prizadene sposobnosti, ki se funkcionalno v tistem obdobju najintenzivnejše razvijajo (npr. govor med 2. in 4. letom starosti), vendar pa trenutno ni mogoče podati povsem jasnega zaključka glede učinkov na posamezne kognitivne funkcije. Večina ugotovljenih primanjkljajev je subkliničnih, kažejo pa se na širokem področju kognitivnih sposobnosti, pri splošnih intelektualnih sposobnostih pa primanjkljajev niso dokazali. Kognitivne posledice splošne anestezije pri otrocih so lahko raznolike in se prepletajo s samim vzrokom za uporabo splošne anestezije. Klinične smernice svetujejo, da se splošna anestezija pri otrocih uporablja v čim nižjem odmerku in traja čim krajši čas. Splošni konsenz je, da bi kljub morebitnemu tveganju za kognitivno oškodovanost, izostanek od potrebnih zdravstvenih posegov prinesel več negativnih posledic kot splošna anestezija, zaradi česar pa je iz psihološkega vidika smiselno, da smo pri obravnavi pozorni tudi na morebitne težave otrok, ki so bili izpostavljeni medicinskim posegom pod splošno anestezijo.
Ključne besede: splošna anestezija, razvoj otroka, kognicija, otroci
Citiraj:
Mlinarič Lešnik, V., Bregar, J. in Kreft Hausmeister, I. (2022). Učinki splošne anestezije na kognitivne sposobnosti pri otrocih – pregledni članek [The effects of general anesthesia on cognition in children – a review]. Psihološka obzorja, 31, 33–49. https://doi.org/10.20419/2022.31.548
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